HUD 232 vs Bank Financing for Senior Care: How to Choose

By Trevor Damyan, Commercial Mortgage Broker at Commercial Lending Solutions

Senior care financing (independent living, assisted living, memory care, skilled nursing facilities) operates in a specialized capital market dominated by HUD 232 and a narrow bench of healthcare-focused banks. HUD 232 provides 35-year fully amortizing fixed-rate financing at up to 80 percent LTV (acquisition) or 90 percent LTV (substantial rehab and new construction), with the trade-off of an 18 to 24 month underwriting timeline. Bank balance sheet provides faster execution at lower leverage. The decision depends on hold horizon, project type, and sponsor patience.

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HUD 232 vs Bank Balance Sheet

Feature HUD 232 Bank Balance Sheet
Maximum LTV (acquisition) 80 percent 65 to 75 percent
Maximum LTV (new construction) 90 percent (substantial rehab and new) 60 to 70 percent LTC
Term 35 years (fully amortizing) 5 to 10 years
Rate (Apr 2026) 5.95 to 6.45% fixed (35-year) 7.50 to 9.50% (5-10 yr fixed)
Amortization Fully amortizing 35 years 20 to 25 year typical
Recourse Non-recourse with carve-outs Recourse typical
Underwriting timeline 12 to 24 months 60 to 90 days
Property types Skilled nursing, assisted living, memory care, board and care All senior care types
Davis-Bacon prevailing wage Required on new construction Not required
Best fit Long-term hold; institutional sponsor Faster execution; flexibility
Refinance flexibility Constrained by HUD prepay schedule Standard bank prepay
Sponsor profile Strong operator with senior care experience required Strong operator with depository relationship preferred

Rate ranges reflect indicative pricing as of April 2026, sourced from active CLS CRE quote pipeline. Pricing is property, sponsor, and structure dependent.

When HUD 232 Is the Right Call

HUD 232 wins on long-term hold strategies for stabilized senior care, on substantial rehab and ground-up construction where 90 percent LTC is meaningful, and on sponsors willing to invest 12 to 24 months in HUD underwriting in exchange for the lowest cost of capital fully amortizing structure available in senior care.

When Bank Balance Sheet Is the Right Call

Bank balance sheet wins on speed-to-close, on smaller transactions, and on situations where the HUD timeline is impractical. Bank execution is the standard for opportunistic acquisitions, distressed senior care turnarounds, and sponsors needing financing within 90 days.

How to Choose Between HUD 232 and Bank Balance Sheet

Start with timeline. HUD 232 requires 12 to 24 months from initial application to close. Bank balance sheet closes in 60 to 90 days. If the deal needs financing in 90 days, HUD is structurally infeasible regardless of other considerations.

Run the cost-of-capital math. HUD 232 provides 35-year fully amortizing fixed at 5.95 to 6.45 percent. Bank balance sheet at 7.75 to 9.00 percent over 5-year term plus refinance at year 5 totals materially higher capital cost over a 20-year horizon. The crossover favors HUD on long holds.

Evaluate hold horizon. HUD 232's 35-year amortization locks in cost of capital across multiple economic cycles. Sponsors planning 5 to 7 year holds get less benefit. Sponsors planning multi-decade family or institutional ownership get the most benefit.

Consider Davis-Bacon (new construction). HUD 232 ground-up requires Davis-Bacon prevailing wage adding 8 to 18 percent to construction labor cost. Bank construction does not. Sponsors who can absorb Davis-Bacon (mission-aligned, public-private partnership) accept it; sponsors who cannot use bank construction.

A Real Decision in Action

On a $24M assisted living facility refinance with the sponsor as a mid-market senior care operator with 8 facilities under management, the existing 7-year bank balance sheet loan was maturing with $1.4M of yield maintenance exposure. HUD 232 quoted at 6.15 percent fixed 35-year fully amortizing at 80 percent LTV ($19.2M loan), with a 14-month underwriting timeline. The bank quoted a refinance at 7.85 percent fixed 7-year at 65 percent LTV ($15.6M loan) with full sponsor recourse. The sponsor selected HUD 232 because the 35-year fully amortizing structure aligned with the family's multi-decade ownership intent, the 80 percent LTV versus 65 percent freed up $3.6M of capital, and the rate was 170 basis points inside bank. The 14-month HUD timeline was acceptable because the maturing bank loan had extension flexibility through HUD close.

All deal references anonymize borrower and lender identities and use city-level geography only.

HUD 232 is one of the most powerful long-term financing tools in senior care. The trade-off is the 12 to 24 month timeline, which makes it impractical for opportunistic deals. For sponsors with patient capital and long hold horizons, HUD 232 is hard to beat on cost.

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HUD 232 vs Bank for Senior Care FAQ

HUD/FHA Section 232 is a federal mortgage insurance program for senior care facilities including skilled nursing, assisted living, memory care, and intermediate care. The program offers 35-year fully amortizing fixed-rate financing at up to 80 percent LTV for acquisition and 90 percent LTC for substantial rehabilitation and new construction.
Skilled nursing facilities, assisted living, memory care, board and care, and intermediate care facilities are all eligible. Independent living typically does not qualify under 232 (it falls under 221 multifamily programs). Adult day care may qualify under specific HUD programs.
12 to 24 months from initial MAP lender engagement to close. The timeline includes preliminary feasibility, application preparation, MAP lender underwriting, HUD review, environmental assessment, and final approval.
MAP (Multifamily Accelerated Processing) lenders are HUD-approved direct underwriters for FHA programs including 232. MAP lender selection significantly affects timeline and outcome.
Yes. HUD 232 requires sponsors with demonstrated senior care operating experience. First-time senior care operators face higher scrutiny and may need to retain experienced operating partners or third-party managers.
Yes. HUD 232 finances new construction at up to 90 percent LTC under the 232 New Construction or Substantial Rehabilitation program, with Davis-Bacon prevailing wage requirements applying.
No. HUD 232 finances both for-profit and non-profit senior care. Most HUD 232 loans are made to for-profit operators.
Yes. HUD 232 loans can be refinanced subject to HUD prepayment penalty schedules, and can be assumed at sale subject to HUD approval and assumption fees.

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